The country was also a prime example of a formal democracy with legally limited participation.

"In terms of formal democracy, Brazil has reached a satisfactory level.

Instead, they encouraged him to take further steps in the direction of the "formal democracy" he scorns.

So a formal democracy, in which the people or the people's representatives appeared to rule, might conceal a very undemocratic distribution of actual power.

After independence, however, the interests of different factions within the Indian bourgeoisie could be articulated through the institutions of formal democracy.

Behind the guise of formal democracy, military leaders make all important decisions, and they respond to direction from the United States Embassy.

Facing this creative task, appeals of foreign parties to formal democracy remain naive, light-minded and irresponsive.

After twenty years of dictatorship under the Marcos regime, formal democracy in the Philippines was restored in 1986 through a broad "people power" movement.

Much disillusionment has followed the discovery that formal democracy, as the case of antisemitism shows, has no necessary connexion with tolerance and freedom, the liberal ideals.

"The simple, open, brutal breaking up of the Constituent Assembly," Trotsky recalled, almost with relish, "dealt formal democracy a blow from which it never recovered."

The opposite of a substantive democracy is a formal democracy, which is where the relevant forms of democracy exist but are not actually managed democratically.

Current development has led to a neoliberal citizenship regime in which civil rights are expressed through private property ownership, formal democracy and representation, and an investment in the maintaining of infrastructure.

The formal democracy seeking to establish itself in Iraq and the relations with this country we are seeking to reconstruct come up against the following obvious fact: ‘there can be no democracy without truth’.

Lenin's Theses on the Constituent Assembly argued in Pravda that because of class conflicts, conflicts with Ukraine, and with the Kadet-Kaledin uprising formal democracy was impossible.

Algeria was under direct military rule for some time, and after formal democracy was restored, the FLN remained outside the ruling apparatus; the military clans in power now drew political legitimacy from other parties.

By doing so, he has cleared the field for a more viable two-party system, one that may prove capable of invigorating Japan's largely formal democracy, transferring decision-making power from unaccountable bureaucrats to the elected representatives of the people.

I am aware that some maintain that women ought to have votes whether the majority wants them or not; but this is surely a strange and childish case of setting up formal democracy to the destruction of actual democracy.

Where civilian government is rooted, it is often because formal democracy has been adapted to local circumstances, as in Mexico, which has been ruled by one party since 1929, and in Colombia, where two elitist parties have learned to share power.

He listed some of the creative terms that analysts have invented to describe countries in what he called the gray zone: "semi-democracy, formal democracy, electoral democracy, facade democracy, pseudo-democracy, weak democracy, partial democracy, illiberal democracy and virtual democracy."

It is difficult to establish what really happened, but we cannot forget that, when we decided to hold the Joint Assembly in Lomé, our decision was based on the return of conditions of substantial democracy and not only formal democracy, and all the Community institutions must focus their attention on this aspect.

"We don't want a formal democracy that will give Iraqis the right to say what they want but the government will do what it wants," Sheik Muhammad Fartousi told the gathering at the El Hekmah Mosque in the heart of Baghdad's vast Shiite slum formerly known as Saddam City.

On the other hand, it is not admissible to weigh up individual rights against the rights of the people, or to weigh up civil and political rights against economic, social and cultural rights, just as it is impossible to differentiate between substantive, economic and social democracy and so-called 'formal democracy'.

In a sense, these very complaints are a tribute to the strength of formal democracy in a country that has not only developed a solid two-party system as well as strong labor unions and business organizations but has also emerged from under the shadow of the leftist guerrillas and rightist military who still torment so many other Latin American nations.