As foreign minister he carried a considerable role the Horthy system happened to an external loan in his financial stabilisation.

The test for whether such internal loans make economic sense is exactly the same as the test for external loans.

Secondly, there has been an investment income imbalance or net outflow for debt-servicing of external loans.

The external loan repayments relate to the cash flows out of the authority enforced by maturity dates earlier than 60 years.

It was originally gathered for payments by the Russian external loan, but soon overrun the limits of the loan.

Trade reforms and changes in the regulation of foreign direct investment were introduced to open India to foreign trade while stabilizing external loans.

In hiring decisions, the implicit costs of internal loans have exactly the same economic standing as the explicit costs of external loans.

Most financing is provided through government grants to NWC, which are in turn financed by external loans, internal debt or general tax revenue.

The Guarantee Fund was originally established as a way of protecting the EU budget from potential risk in relation to its growing external loans.

The debt's prospects hinge upon a restructuring deal between the Russian Government, which has accepted responsibility for the former Soviet Union's external loans, and Western commercial banks.

In short the level of cooperation between banks and their more important customers is much more extensive in Japan, thus mitigating the problems of depending on external loans.

Departmental copies had frequently been lent to outside researchers directly, rather than through the main library, which in fact operates a 'no external loans' policy in respect of theses.

Stoyanov's interests lay within problems such as Bulgaria's balance of trade cycle, the interest rates on external loans, and the losses of the Bulgarian State Railways.

The I.M.F. said today that it estimates Russia will need $22 billion of external loans and aid to pay its debts and meet its other financial needs next year.

Future developments of the tax system, the customs system, internal or external loans, or concessions could not be arranged without the consent of the financial commission of the Allied powers.

Although they have been hit hard by the crisis, the Baltic countries have enjoyed the advantage of having a low level of public debt, which provided them with greater flexibility in relation to external loans.

That essentially obliges them to support the current government's austerity program and keep country's primary budget surplus - the surplus before including external loan repayments - at 3.75 percent of its gross domestic product.

External loans are critical to Greece's ability to remain solvent and the country needs to secure its next loan installment to meet the upcoming repayment of an €11.4bn bond due to mature in late March.

The Ministry of Power and Water reported in 2002 that in recent years, 49% of the total new investments in the water sector had been financed by external loans and 43% by the government.

The uses and instrument of the European Union's co-operation policy means that the guarantees which the Community gives the European Investment Bank for external loans should be shared out in a balanced way among the different regions.

Finally, with regard to external loan operations, we would like supervision to be exercised to ensure that such activities, particularly on the African continent, are in keeping with the European consensus with regard to development and also the millennium objectives.

The deficit would be financed instead by issuing Government securities - some of which the Central Bank will inevitably buy, providing some indirect credits - and by external loans from the West, especially from the International Monetary Fund.

The guarantee fund mechanism was originally established in conjunction with the financial perspective for the 1993-1999 period as a way of protecting the EU budget from the potential risk associated with the increasing number of external loans, and so the fund only covers risks for loans and guarantees to third countries.

The Commission proposes that the European Investment Bank’s mandate to grant external loans, guaranteed by the Community budget should be revised, so as to take account of the New Neighbourhood policy in the context of an enlarged Europe, which is included in its proposals for a political and financial framework for 2007-2013.