All relative methods make use of the contact potential difference between the sample and a reference electrode.

The reference electrode forms the other half cell, holding a consistent electrical potential.

This is in contrast to the poorly defined, large reference electrode.

Strictly speaking, the reference electrode does not require a separate compartment.

A conventional reference electrode can also be bulky and fragile.

The reference electrode is needed to provide a defined reference potential.

The literature is filled with discussions about the most appropriate site for the reference electrode to record each of the components.

The reference electrode is a half cell with a known reduction potential.

A reference electrode was applied on the skin of the abdomen.

Electrochemical potential is measured in the laboratory and field using reference electrodes.