The Afghans are desperate for international help, but describe their opposition to drug cultivation purely in religious terms.

Where crop substitution has been successful, drug cultivation has simply moved next door.

The problem is becoming more serious, the report says, as drug cultivation begins in other countries in the region because of the huge profits involved.

The American approach is also likely to exacerbate a longstanding debate about the most effective way to reduce drug cultivation.

But federal law does not distinguish between growing medical marijuana and run-of-the-mill drug cultivation.

By the mid-1990s, drug cultivation increased, which caused fumigation efforts to become more intensified.

Opium licensing is a policy instrument used to counter illegal drug cultivation and production.

This involves, in particular, effective means of combating drug cultivation and trafficking.

Poverty and underdevelopment are direct causes of illegal drug cultivation in the developing countries.

Take, for example, the West's war against drug cultivation and smuggling in the third world.