None Catamenial pneumothorax is an extremely rare condition that affects women.

The exact cause of catamenial pneumothorax is unknown and several theories have been proposed.

Therefore, catamenial pneumothorax is probably under-recognised.

Pleural implantations are associated with recurrent right pneumothoraces at times of menses, termed catamenial pneumothorax.

Women with catamenial pneumothorax have recurrent episodes of pneumothorax that occur within 72 hours before or after the start of menstruation.

Examples of such lesions are: pleural plaques, thoracic splenosis, catamenial pneumothorax, pleural pseudotumor, diffuse pleural thickening, diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis and Erdheim-Chester Disease.

Catamenial pneumothorax is the most common form of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, which also includes catamenial hemothorax, catamenial hemoptysis, catamenial hemopneumothorax and endometriosis lung nodules, as well as some exceptional presentations.