Under very low hydrogen partial pressures, increased uncoupled anaerobic oxidation has also been observed.

Some sulfate-reducing bacteria play a role in the anaerobic oxidation of methane:

Hydrazine is the intermediate in the anaerobic oxidation of ammonia (anammox) process.

Anaerobic oxidation of iron at high temperature can be schematically represented by the following reactions:

"Anaerobic oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to CO by a new type of sulfate-reducing bacterium."

"Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans" is the first discovered organism capable of the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium.

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) mainly occurs In anoxic marine sediments.

Biphytanic diacids are present in geological sediments and are considered as tracers of past anaerobic oxidation of methane.

This reaction closely resembles the Schikorr reaction observed in the anaerobic oxidation of the ferrous hydroxide in contact with water.

It also closely resembles the anaerobic oxidation of iron by water (reaction used at high temperature by Antoine Lavoisier to produce hydrogen for his experiments).

In some species, the enzyme reacts in reverse (a process called reverse methanogenesis), catalysing the anaerobic oxidation of methane, therefore removing it from the environment.

Recently, a new bacterium Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera was identified that can couple the anaerobic oxidation of methane to nitrite reduction without the need for a syntrophic partner.

Anaerobic oxidation of carbon steel of canisters and overpacks is also expected to occur in deep geological formations in which high-level radioactive waste and spent fuels should be ultimately disposed.

Anaerobic oxidation of iron and steel commonly finds place in oxygen-depleted environments, such as in permanently water-saturated soils, peat bogs or wetlands in which archaeological iron artefacts are often found.

During her early research in the Environmental Engineering Program at Stanford University her groups was the first to prove anaerobic oxidation of eleven aromatic lignin derivatives to methane by environmental bacteria.

She was the first person to describe anaerobic oxidation of methane, and believes the Earth's earliest life forms may have subsisted on methane in the absence of molecular oxygen (instead reducing oxygen-containing compounds such as nitrate or sulfate).

In the literature two different abbreviations of anaerobic oxidation of methane can be found: AOM (anaerobic oxidation of methane) and AMO (anaerobic methane oxidation).

Finally, considering the required rearrangement of the orthosilicate anions into free silica (SiO) and free oxide anions (O), it is possible to write the complete reaction of anaerobic oxidation and hydrolysis of fayalite according to the following mass balance:

Serpentinization is a geological low-temperature metamorphic process involving heat and water in which low-silica mafic and ultramafic rocks are oxidized (anaerobic oxidation of Fe by the protons of water leading to the formation of H) and hydrolyzed with water into serpentinite.