But again, to cite Ms. Gilligan, the female model usually embraces "a way of solving conflicts so that no one will be hurt."

Madam President, two thousand years ago, the Roman, Cicero, said that there are two ways of solving conflicts: either through negotiations or through violence.

More effective and more socially acceptable ways of solving conflicts are developed and rules governing the rights of persons and property gradually enter a child's awareness.

I am thinking here of technologically advanced countries such as the United States, Japan and Canada. Whereas we have by now found ways of solving conflicts and competitive difficulties, for example in the commercial sector through the World Trade Organisation, the world of research is still a fairly closed, impermeable one in most countries.