To convert the factored form (or vertex form) to standard form, one needs to multiply, expand and/or distribute the factors.

It can be embedded into three-dimensional space, with integer coordinates, to form a structure with chiral symmetry in which the three edges at each vertex form 120 angles to each other.

The sides of a triangle (line segments) that come together at a vertex form two angles (four angles if you consider the sides of the triangle to be lines instead of line segments).

The x-coordinate at the vertex can be found by completing the square to put the equation in vertex form, or by differentiating the original equation, setting the resulting equal to zero (a critical point), and solving for .