The apolipoproteins are produced by the secretory pathway in type II cells.

Type II cells start to develop at about 24 weeks of gestation, secreting small amounts of surfactant.

Pulmonary surfactants are also naturally secreted by type II cells of the lung alveoli in mammals.

Surfactant production in humans begins in Type II cells during the terminal sac stage of lung development.

Once surfactant is secreted by the type II cells, it must be spread over the remaining type I cellular surface area.

However, whether IP 3 R3 is expressed exclusively in Type II cells awaits further investigation.

Type II cells, which have a relatively small diameter, connect with the outer hair cells, are monopolar and are not myelinated.

Type II cells have prominent nuclei and nucleoli with much less chromatin than Type I cells.

While type I pneumocytes account for most of the surface area, they are approximately half as numerous as type II cells, due to differences in shape.

In the event of damage, Type II cells can proliferate and/or differentiate into type I cells to compensate.

The Italian scientist Camillo Golgi grouped neurons into type I and type II cells.

The epithelial A549 cells of alveolar carcinoma origin exhibit many properties characteristic of the type II cells, such as the ability to produce surfactants.

Hepatocyte growth factor has also been shown to upregulate the synthesis of SP-A in rat type II cells [ 25 ] .

Type II cells are responsible for the production and secretion of surfactant (the majority of which are dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), a group of phospholipids that reduce the alveolar surface tension.

Surfactant is a complex system of lipids, proteins and glycoproteins which are produced in specialized lung cells called Type II cells or Type II pneumocytes.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal postulated that higher developed animals had more Golgi type II cells in comparison to Golgi type I neurons.

Type II pneumocytes also called alveolar type II cells, great alveolar cells or septal cells are granular and roughly cuboidal in shape.

Indeed, a subset of the IP 3 R3 immunoreactive taste cells is also immunoreactive for α-gustducin, which has been identified exclusively in Type II cells [ 23].

ET-1-IR in both airway epithelium and type II pneumocytes correlated significantly with young granulation tissue and type II cell proliferation (table II).

In addition, outer hair cells form reciprocal synapses onto Type II spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that the Type II cells have both afferent and efferent roles.

DMA showed to effectuate DNA single stand breaks resulting from inhibition of repair enzymes at levels of 5 to 100 mM in human epithelial type II cells.

Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls.

The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A2) is primarily synthesized in lung alveolar type II cells (see type II pneumocyte), as part of a complex of lipids and proteins known as pulmonary surfactant.

Vestibular afferent signals are carried by type I or type II hair cells, which are distinguished by a larger amount of stereocilia per cell in type I cells than in type II cells.

Alveolar epithelial type II cells, which secrete surfactant when stretched, appear to have decreased sensitivity to pressure in California sea lions compared to terrestrial mammals so that constant levels of surfactant are maintained under long periods of pressure.