It is distinguished from a model train by an emphasis on low cost and durability, rather than scale modeling.

He also took up scale modeling, and has won prizes for both his ship and aircraft models.

"You would not want to make big-bucks decisions on the basis either of scale modeling or computer calculations," a radar-testing specialist says.

Scale modeling as we know it today became popular shortly after World War II.

(need early history of On2 scale modeling)

The centrifuge may be useful for scale modeling of any large-scale nonlinear problem for which gravity is a primary driving force.

Static aircraft scale modeling falls broadly into 3 categories: kit assembly, scratch-building, and collection of ready-made models.

Doll, William Eugene, "Computer controlled laboratory studies in transient electromagnetic scale modeling "

For most of its history, On2 scale modeling involved mostly scratch-building of locomotive and rolling stock, and hand-laying track.

During the 1980s, he set up an amateur scale modeling circle for students, which was notably attended by future literary critic Angelo Mitchievici.

Plasticart - Scale modeling sets from the GDR (in German)

Airbrushes are commonly used by scale modeling enthusiasts because finer coats can be laid down, as well as opaque effects, like weathering, adding stains etc.

As it was a toy standard, rather than a scale modeling standard, the actual scale of Standard Gauge locomotives and rolling stock varied.

Lately, 1:32 scale modeling has made a large push to expand as companies now sell these figures professionally pre-painted making them exceptional for large-scale military gaming of all sorts.

These forney locomotives, although available in On30 scale only, have created an increase in Maine 2-footer modeling, and an increase in On2 scale modeling.

High railers are less likely to engage in scratch building than their scale modeling counterparts, but many engage in kitbashing and super-detailing their buildings and structures.

The toy train market evolved into scale modeling and Lionel's prized 700e Hudson was cataloged in O-gauge starting in 1937 as their top of the line train.

The surface was partly map, and partly scaled modeling, of the Rain Shadow Mountain Range and the Saquave lands west and south on the other side.

As such, they are popular in craft areas such as scale modeling, as well as for labeling DIY electronics devices, such as guitar pedals.

Scale modeling is no longer a high growth industry as it was during the 1960s and 1970s, but there are still thousands of retail shops selling kits, supplies, paints, and tools to support new and established hobbyists.

Scale modeling and computer modeling attempt to predict the behavior of large scale wind turbines in order to avoid costly failures and to expand the use of offshore wind power from fixed to floating foundations.

Although vintage 1 gauge trains use the same track standard as modern G scale, scale modeling was not a primary design consideration in 1 gauge's heyday, so the actual size and scale of the locomotives and cars varied.

Once a satisfactory design is established on paper (the term paper is a generalization that can include traditional hand renderings, digital artwork or CAD drawings), then full scale modeling begins to realise the design in tangible 3D form.

Whilst still committed to producing specialist maritime books, Conway have broadened their catalogue to incorporate general, military and aviation history, exploration, as well as railway and scale modeling (with Hornby and Airfix), amongst other related topics.

The terms "O scale" and "S scale" tend to imply serious scale modeling, while the terms "O gauge" and "S gauge" tend to imply toy trains manufactured by Lionel and American Flyer, respectively.