Since that time new long mid vowels have come to the language from various sources.

Dutch has a similar process that extends to mid vowels:

Sometime in the 13th century they became unrounded and merged with the normal front mid vowels.

The short high and mid vowels may have been articulated lower than their long counterparts as in Modern German.

A mid vowel is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

In brief, it says that mid vowels are subject to allophonic variation based on the shape of their syllables.

The central mid vowel is rounded, while the low vowel is unrounded.

High vowels assimilate in height to following mid vowels across syllable boundaries.

There are five distinct vowels in Crow, which occur either long or short with the exception of the mid vowels.

Both mid vowels in Huallaga Quechua are also Spanish loans.

Sirionó has phonemic contrasts between front, central, and back close and mid vowels, i.e.

Strong yers underwent lowering and became mid vowels, but the outcomes differ somewhat across the various Slavic languages.

Note that just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a cardinal mid vowel.

Its vowel is supposed to be an underlying high vowel, though it surfaces as a mid vowel.

It does not have a distinction of closed and open mid vowels typical of Portuguese, French or Italian.

However, this is widely considered unduly elaborate, and Zamenhof's recommendation of using mid vowels is considered the norm.

Forms with high vowels (i, u) tend to raise preceding mid vowels to high, just as -bii does.

Contrastive vowel length for Munsee high vowels has been reintroduced, and also for the front mid vowels.

Palatalization is usually triggered only by Mid vowel and Close vowel (high) front vowels; but counterexamples to this are also found.

UPA e, o denote mid vowels with no particular bias towards open or close, as are found in most Uralic languages.

There is a lexical vowel harmony constraint in Kunjen: Close and mid vowels do not co-occur in a word.

Word stress is not fixed to a certain position of a root; this leads to alternations of stressed mid vowels with unstressed high vowels.

Thus Amstetten Bavarian may be an example of a language that contrasts mid vowels with both open-mid and close-mid vowels.

In the context of the phonology of any particular language, a low vowel can be any vowel that is more open than a mid vowel.

Generally, modern grammars and dictionaries use ë for the mid vowel and e for the mid-close vowel.