They can be used to describe a functionally graded material.

Multifunctional and functionally graded material structures.

With functionally graded materials, it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency of existing thermoelectric materials.

Representing Structure for Functionally Graded Material:

MPP has the ability to print different powders within the same layer and progressively change from one material to another, i.e., producing a functionally graded material.

Various approaches based on the bulk (particulate processing), preform processing, layer processing and melt processing are used to fabricate the functionally graded materials.

This is possible with functionally graded materials as they have a variable carrier concentration along the length of the material, which is optimized for operations over specific temperature range.

It can produce parts in a wide range of alloys, including titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, and other specialty materials; as well as composite and functionally graded materials.

In materials science functionally graded material (FGM) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material.

See also Functionally graded materials (FGM) which are composite materials where the composition or the microstructure are locally varied so that a certain variation of the local material properties is achieved.

As additive manufacturing technology evolved from producing primarily single-material, homogenous shapes to producing multi-material geometries in full color with functionally graded materials and microstructures, there was a growing need for a standard interchange file format that could support these features.

He has made significant seminal contributions in the specific areas of finite element method, plate theory, solid mechanics, variational methods, mechanics of composites, functionally graded materials, fracture mechanics, plasticity, biomechanics, classical and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, and applied functional analysis.