The Hammonds would have had no defence to an action for the price.

Another defence to an action for defamation is that of fair comment.

This is a complete defence to an action.

Absolute privilege is a complete defence to an action for defamation in English law.

It is a defence to an action for killing or injuring a dog to prove that:

Lord Templeman said the Act regulated 'all exclusion notices which would in common law provide a defence to an action for negligence.'

The circumstances which give cause for an actio quanti minoris may also be used as a defence to an action for the price by the seller.

Licence and the exercise of a right of distress are two common defences to an action for conversion but these have already been considered in relation to trespass to land.

There are, however, certain defences to an action for defamation, and a member of a council may be able to bring the language he uses within the ambit of one of those defences.

The first way to avoid such danger is not to plead any general exclusion clause as a defence to an action for a class of liability for which the UCTA renders exclusion clauses unenforceable.

A possible defence to an action instituted to enforce the provisions of a restrictive condition is that the character of the area has changed so much that the original restrictive condition is no longer applicable, has become valueless and need not be enforced.

Though consent is undeniably a defence to an action for conversion, there are difficulties in reconciling this result, sensible as it may seem, with general principles of agency, for since Y's act was unauthorised it could only be effective if done within an ostensible authority - but that doctrine is inapplicable to undisclosed agency.