The attacks were all by individual aircraft using what was called the compressibility factor.

For an ideal gas the compressibility factor is per definition.

A compressibility factor of one also requires the four state variables to follow the ideal gas law.

Mach incorporates the above data including the compressibility factor.

The compressibility factor image illustrates how Z varies over a range of very cold temperatures.

The deviation is expressed as the compressibility factor.

Experimental values for the compressibility factor confirm this.

The model should provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point, particularly for calculations of the compressibility factor and liquid density.

Remembering that and (ideal gas law and the compressibility factor)

Alternatively, the compressibility factor for specific gases can be read from generalized compressibility charts that plot as a function of pressure at constant temperature.

These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states.

In the case of an ideal gas, the compressibility factor Z is equal to unity, and the familiar ideal gas law is recovered:

However, when the compressibility factors of various single-component gases are graphed versus pressure along with temperature isotherms many of the graphs exhibit similar isotherm shapes.

The Redlich-Kwong equation can also be represented as an equation for the compressibility factor of a gas, as a function of temperature and pressure:

Includes a chart of compressibility factors versus reduced pressure and reduced temperature (on last page of the PDF document)

There are more detailed generalized compressibility factor graphs based on as many as 25 or more different pure gases, such as the Nelson-Obert graphs.

An ideal gas is a simplified "real gas" with the assumption that the compressibility factor Z is set to 1 meaning that this pneumatic ratio remains constant.

Compressibility factor values are usually obtained by calculation from equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation which take compound specific empirical constants as input.

Experimental data yields compressibility factors for all fluids that are correlated by the same curves when (compressibility factor) is represented as a function of and .

In order to obtain a generalized graph that can be used for many different gases, the reduced pressure and temperature, and , are used to normalize the compressibility factor data.

The generalized compressibility factor graphs may be considerably in error for strongly polar gases which are gases for which the centers of positive and negative charge do not coincide.

As for the compressibility of gases, the principle of corresponding states indicates that any pure gas at the same reduced temperature, , and reduced pressure, , should have the same compressibility factor.

The deviation from ideal gas behavior tends to become particularly significant (or, equivalently, the compressibility factor strays far from unity) near the critical point, or in the case of high pressure or low temperature.

The compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor, is the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure.

Beyond improved two-parameter equations of state, a number of three parameter equations have been developed, often with the third parameter depending on either Z, the compressibility factor at the critical point, or ω, the acentric factor.