From this, he concluded that "The post-1980 global warming trend from surface thermometers is not credible.

Observations from weather balloons, satellites, and surface thermometers seemed to show the opposite behaviour (more rapid warming of the surface than the troposphere).

Scheuering writes that Singer acknowledges the surface thermometers from weather stations show warming, but he argues that the satellites provide better data because their measurements cover pole to pole.

The surface thermometers and the satellites measure temperature in different parts of the climate system, and the surface data are considered important because the effects of climate change on people and natural ecosystems are felt at the surface.

Tempil's product line includes temperature indicating sticks, electronic surface thermometers, infrared thermometers, medical sterilization inks, weldable primers, heat-absorbing coatings and compounds, and temperature indicating labels, strips, inks, and liquids.

To the Editor: The conclusion of the National Academy of Sciences report to the White House that human activities are causing global warming (front page, June 7) is largely based on the claim that there was an unusually rapid rise in surface temperatures during the last two decades, according to readings from surface thermometers.