The current pattern of urban development, transport routes and industrial landscape was laid at this time.

Topography defined the shape of the mining communities, with a 'hand and fingers' pattern of urban development.

Urban villages are seen to provide an alternative to recent patterns of urban development in many cities, especially decentralization and urban sprawl.

Landscape ecology - the relationship between spatial patterns of urban development and ecological processes on a multitude of landscape scales and organizational levels.

Urban Simulation Models that simulate dynamic patterns of urban development and responses to urban land use and transportation policies.

The right to refuse planning permission on environmental grounds is a major aspect of the local authorities' powers, and should help to maintain a harmonious pattern of urban development.

This ancient land-use pattern, which survived until the 18th century despite its unsuitability for contemporary farming methods, significantly influenced the pattern of urban development in 18th- and 19th-century Brighton.

Despite mergers, there was still a proliferation of small district councils in rural areas, and in the major conurbations the borders had been set before the pattern of urban development had become clear.

The future pattern of urban development and resultant population growth therefore depends very much on the outcome of political battles between the various interest groups, including central and local government, the developers and the different types of conservation lobby (HBF, 1985).

According to Graham R. Crampton, SkyTrain and San Diego's trolley system were among the most successful transit systems in three areas: stimulation of growth in city centres; stimulation of growth in declining areas; and change in the pattern of urban development.