In contrast, systolic heart failure has usually an eccentric hypertrophy.

There is both concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy in AI.

This type of hypertrophy is termed eccentric hypertrophy.

In this phase, the left ventricle develops eccentric hypertrophy in order to better manage the larger than normal stroke volume.

Concentric hypertrophy is due to pressure overload, while eccentric hypertrophy is due to volume overload.

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged.

As described in the previous section, it is believed that the eccentric hypertrophy is induced by volume-overload and that the concentric hypertrophy is induced by pressure-overload.

The concentric hypertrophy is due to the increased left ventricular systolic pressures associated with AI, while the eccentric hypertrophy is due to volume overload caused by the regurgitant fraction.

The eccentric hypertrophy and the increased diastolic volume combine to increase the stroke volume (to levels well above normal) so that the forward stroke volume (forward cardiac output) approaches the normal levels.

Acute AI usually presents as florid congestive heart failure, and will not have any of the signs associated with chronic AI since the left ventricle had not yet developed the eccentric hypertrophy and dilatation that allow an increased stroke volume, which in turn cause bounding peripheral pulses.