It is also worth highlighting the acceptance of the 'passing-on' defence for indirect victims and a system that simplifies and reduces the costs of proceedings.

An order for the payment of costs of proceedings by one party to another party is always a discretionary order: section 51 of the Act of 1981.

On a tenant's application, preventing the landlord from treating costs of proceedings as relevant costs (i.e. from adding them to the tenant's service charge bill)