The first step is the sonogashira coupling of compound 8 and 9.

Construction of the structures depends on Sonogashira coupling and other synthetic techniques.

To this product, "arms", or 3,3-Dimethylbutyne, were then added through Sonogashira coupling.

He discovered the Sonogashira coupling in 1975.

Arenediazonium salts have been reported as an alternative to aryl halides for the Sonogashira coupling reaction.

Additionally, iron-catalyzed Sonogashira couplings have been investigated as relatively cheap and non-toxic alternatives to palladium.

Terminal alkynes can also be coupled to aryl or vinyl halides as in the Sonogashira coupling.

Iodobenzene can also serve as a substrate for the Sonogashira coupling, Heck reaction, and other metal-catalyzed couplings.

The Sonogashira coupling is applied in the synthesis of cross-conjugated oligo(phenylene enynylene)s and phenanthroline derivatives.

Sonogashira couplings are employed in a wide array of synthetic reactions, primarily due to their success in facilitating the following challenging transformations:

Another Sonogashira coupling with 3,5-(1'-Pentynyl)-1-ethynylbenzene attaches the lower body of the NanoPutian.

DABCO has been used as a catalyst for a metal-free Sonogashira coupling, with or without microwave enhancement.

The first reaction is a Barbier reaction with propargylic bromide in water (green chemistry) and the second reaction is a Sonogashira coupling.

Iodine serves as an excellent coupling partner for the attachment of the stomach, which is executed through Sonogashira coupling with trimethylsilylacetylene to yield 3,5-dibromo(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene.

Pyridines and pyrimidines have shown good complexation properties for palladium and have been employed in the formation of catalysts suitable for Sonogashira couplings.

Copper(I) acetylide is highly shock-sensitive but is an intermediate in reactions such as the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling and the Sonogashira coupling.

In organic synthesis this reaction is often replaced by palladium coupling reactions such as the Heck reaction, the Hiyama coupling and the Sonogashira coupling.

Prominent applications include the Heck reaction, Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling, Sonogashira coupling, and Negishi coupling.

In addition, deaerated conditions are formally needed for Sonogashira coupling reactions because the palladium(0) complexes are unstable in the air, and oxygen promotes the formation of homocoupled acetylenes.

In Sonogashira's original report of what is now known as the Sonogashira coupling, his group modified an alkyne coupling procedure previously reported by Heck, by adding a copper(I) salt.

The palladium complexes of the respective phosphine show an excellent activity in various palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions, including Suzuki reactions, Sonogashira couplings and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions.

Recently, a nickel-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling has been developed which allows for the coupling of non-activated alkyl halides to acetylene without the use of palladium, although a copper co-catalyst is still needed.

There are also examples of the coupling partners both being attached to allyl resins, with the Pd(0) catalyst effecting cleavage of the substrates and subsequent Sonogashira coupling in solution.

Coupling reactions of alkynes like the Sonogashira coupling, the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling, the Glaser coupling and the Eglinton coupling often have metal acetylides as intermediates.

Unlike the Sonogashira coupling, the Castro-Stephens coupling can produce heterocyclic compounds when a nucleophilic group is ortho to the aryl halide, although this typically requires use of DMF as solvent.